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Human Geography: Update on the Contagious Diffusion of Ebola in West Africa

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On August 1st this site posted about the threat of Ebola in West Africa. In the two months since the worst Ebola outbreak in history has only grown. The biggest concentration of those infected has been found in Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Guinea with those countries reporting over 7400 cases and about 3500 deaths. The illness can only be transmitted through direct contact with bodily fluids otherwise the number would be significantly higher. Despite this limitation the number of new cases is doubling roughly every three weeks. Those most susceptible to contracting Ebola are health care workers due to their direct contact with the infected. The lack of basic medical supplies, such as latex gloves and masks, has created a situation where the people doing the most to combat the spread of Ebola and care for the ill have become its primary victims.

The international response to the crisis has been lacking at best. A handful of countries including Britain, China, and Cuba have sent a small number of medical professionals to help local doctors. The greatest outside support West Africa has received came from the United Stated as President Obama recently announced that he was committing the resources of the U.S. military to establish 17 field hospitals to slow down the disease. Not only is there a moral imperative to act but there is an economic one as well, the longer the world waits to deal with the issue the cost of solving the crisis becomes significantly greater.

Last week the first case of Ebola outside of West Africa was confirmed in the United States. A man from Liberia visiting his son and fiancé in Dallas checked into a hospital and was diagnosed. This singular case was identified early and is highly unlikely to create a mass infection in the United States. It has served a greater purpose by bringing more attention to the growing crisis in West Africa. Hopefully, the perception of a threat to the west will encourage the rich world to contribute more to the struggle; ideally they could begin by sending in enough gloves and masks to protect the front line of defense, doctors and nurses.

Human Geography: Contagious Diffusion of Ebola in West Africa

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One of the most critical concepts in human geography is how things spread through a population and from to place, also known as diffusion. While there are several different types of diffusion the one that is studied most is contagious diffusion, which has almost the same exact definition but with one critical word added, rapid. The examples most often used to understand contagious diffusion are a wildfire burning out of control or, as is happening right now in West Africa, the spread of a disease faster than can be contained or treated. The current outbreak of Ebola is the largest in history and the fear is that it will only continue to grow.

Several factors have contributed to the rapid growth of the crisis:

  • A lack of proper medical facilities to identify and treat those infected.
  • The early stages of Ebola seem like a standard flu often delaying treatment.
  • A mortality rate in some cases as high as 90%.
  • Some rural villages refuse to accept that the disease has hit them and often resist outside help.

The final factor that has allowed the disease to spread throughout the region is improved transportation. As people travel they bring the disease with them spreading the infection. Currently the countries most impacted are: Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone but the ticking time bomb is Nigeria with the 7th largest population on Earth. A few days ago an Ebola infected man flew from Liberia to the capital city of Lagos. Once he arrived at the airport he was detained and quarantined at a local hospital where he later died. The primary concern is that over 100 passengers on that flight were not identified and allowed to move freely throughout the city and into other parts of the country. If any of them were infected it has the potential to become a catastrophic tipping point for all of West Africa.